The least AI exposed jobs in every field
Every occupational family (SOC major group); the three lowest exposed shares in each. Release v2026.Q3, capability reference date 2026-09-15, built on O*NET 31.0.
Most people are not choosing between every job in the economy, they are choosing within a field they know. This is the safest corner of each one.
Management
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hydroelectric Production Managers | 29.4% | 24.5% | $126,060 | 443 | assisted |
| 2 | Biofuels Production Managers | 32.6% | 21.4% | $126,060 | 403 | exposed |
| 3 | Human Resources Managers | 33.0% | 28.3% | $149,280 | 395 | exposed |
Business and financial operations
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Labor Relations Specialists | 21.7% | 24.4% | $95,420 | 556 | untouched |
| 2 | Coroners | 24.9% | 21.5% | $80,730 | 495 | untouched |
| 3 | Government Property Inspectors and Investigators | 31.8% | 26.1% | $80,730 | 410 | assisted |
Computer and mathematical
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Actuaries | 38.9% | 27.4% | $130,000 | 287 | exposed |
| 2 | Information Security Engineers | 43.4% | 25.5% | $116,580 | 206 | exposed |
| 3 | Information Technology Project Managers | 46.6% | 25.1% | $116,580 | 144 | exposed |
Architecture and engineering
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robotics Technicians | 21.8% | 16.4% | $73,900 | 553 | untouched |
| 2 | Photonics Technicians | 24.0% | 15.0% | $78,350 | 507 | untouched |
| 3 | Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians | 26.9% | 17.8% | $73,900 | 470 | untouched |
Life, physical and social science
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nuclear Technicians | 14.6% | 20.5% | $110,240 | 711 | untouched |
| 2 | Forensic Science Technicians | 15.6% | 26.3% | $72,060 | 696 | untouched |
| 3 | Clinical Neuropsychologists | 16.8% | 27.2% | $110,840 | 664 | untouched |
Community and social service
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors | 19.1% | 24.2% | n/a | 618 | untouched |
| 2 | Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers | 21.0% | 24.9% | $60,280 | 570 | untouched |
| 3 | Mental Health Counselors | 23.0% | 25.1% | n/a | 528 | untouched |
Legal
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates | 8.2% | 10.7% | $153,990 | 823 | untouched |
| 2 | Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers | 17.3% | 19.3% | $117,860 | 658 | untouched |
| 3 | Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators | 18.2% | 23.7% | $75,530 | 640 | untouched |
Educational instruction and library
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Substitute Teachers, Short-Term | 16.3% | 13.5% | $41,670 | 677 | untouched |
| 2 | Teaching Assistants, Special Education | 21.3% | 15.0% | n/a | 563 | untouched |
| 3 | Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education | 24.0% | 15.4% | $38,140 | 508 | untouched |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports and media
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Athletes and Sports Competitors | 8.4% | 6.2% | $66,710 | 821 | untouched |
| 2 | Lighting Technicians | 11.4% | 10.5% | $68,060 | 768 | untouched |
| 3 | Dancers | 11.5% | 4.3% | n/a | 766 | untouched |
Healthcare practitioner and technical
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 4.1% | 12.3% | $352,220 | 887 | untouched |
| 2 | Prosthodontists | 4.6% | 10.1% | $311,180 | 882 | untouched |
| 3 | Histology Technicians | 6.0% | 9.8% | n/a | 866 | untouched |
Healthcare support
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Endoscopy Technicians | 3.0% | 5.4% | $48,430 | 896 | untouched |
| 2 | Home Health Aides | 6.0% | 6.7% | n/a | 862 | untouched |
| 3 | Orderlies | 7.6% | 2.2% | $38,290 | 835 | untouched |
Protective service
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Firefighters | 10.0% | 10.7% | $59,280 | 795 | untouched |
| 2 | Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 12.4% | 15.5% | $76,210 | 744 | untouched |
| 3 | Correctional Officers and Jailers | 13.4% | 14.5% | $58,940 | 728 | untouched |
Food preparation and serving
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dishwashers | 0.0% | 0.0% | $34,810 | 923 | untouched |
| 2 | Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 6.6% | 2.1% | $33,980 | 858 | untouched |
| 3 | Cooks, Fast Food | 6.6% | 2.8% | $30,890 | 856 | untouched |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners | 5.4% | 3.3% | $35,510 | 869 | untouched |
| 2 | Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers | 7.6% | 4.1% | $39,150 | 836 | untouched |
| 3 | Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners | 9.5% | 4.7% | $36,840 | 804 | untouched |
Personal care and service
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Embalmers | 5.3% | 4.2% | $58,780 | 870 | untouched |
| 2 | Manicurists and Pedicurists | 12.1% | 5.6% | $35,760 | 753 | untouched |
| 3 | Skincare Specialists | 13.0% | 11.1% | $45,330 | 735 | untouched |
Sales
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Models | 19.9% | 11.2% | $48,470 | 596 | untouched |
| 2 | Demonstrators and Product Promoters | 38.0% | 13.4% | $39,320 | 305 | exposed |
| 3 | First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers | 41.1% | 21.8% | $48,520 | 254 | exposed |
Office and administrative support
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators | 20.9% | 9.0% | $58,470 | 576 | untouched |
| 2 | Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service | 23.8% | 10.2% | $39,280 | 514 | untouched |
| 3 | Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping | 27.9% | 9.7% | $46,380 | 461 | untouched |
Farming, fishing and forestry
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fishing and Hunting Workers | 6.3% | 8.9% | n/a | 861 | untouched |
| 2 | Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products | 6.5% | 3.2% | $35,730 | 859 | untouched |
| 3 | Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals | 6.6% | 6.1% | $36,670 | 855 | untouched |
Construction and extraction
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stonemasons | 0.0% | 0.0% | $57,390 | 922 | untouched |
| 2 | Plasterers and Stucco Masons | 0.0% | 0.0% | $57,660 | 921 | untouched |
| 3 | Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons | 0.0% | 0.0% | $40,470 | 920 | untouched |
Installation, maintenance and repair
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons | 0.0% | 0.0% | $61,290 | 919 | untouched |
| 2 | Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners | 3.8% | 3.0% | $46,420 | 890 | untouched |
| 3 | Tire Repairers and Changers | 4.4% | 3.1% | $37,710 | 884 | untouched |
Production
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slaughterers and Meat Packers | 0.0% | 0.0% | $40,130 | 918 | untouched |
| 2 | Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers | 0.8% | 0.8% | $38,300 | 916 | untouched |
| 3 | Tire Builders | 1.0% | 0.5% | $57,390 | 913 | untouched |
Transportation and material moving
| # | Occupation | Exposed | Assisted | Median pay | Rank of 923 | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators | 4.1% | 3.1% | $46,420 | 888 | untouched |
| 2 | Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians | 4.8% | 7.2% | $35,450 | 878 | untouched |
| 3 | Sailors and Marine Oilers | 7.5% | 5.1% | $51,520 | 838 | untouched |
How to read this
Exposed is the share of an occupation’s weighted task load that a generally available AI system can produce today with little structural friction. Assisted is work it can produce but cannot finish alone, because somebody has to be present, accountable, or because checking the output costs as much as doing the work. Untouched is work it cannot produce at all.
Every figure here is computed from task level ratings, and every occupation links to the page that shows its own tasks. If a rating looks wrong, the task is the level to argue at: how this is measured.
Questions about this list
What is the least exposed job in each field?
Management: Hydroelectric Production Managers, 29.4% exposed. Business and financial operations: Labor Relations Specialists, 21.7% exposed. Computer and mathematical: Actuaries, 38.9% exposed. Architecture and engineering: Robotics Technicians, 21.8% exposed. Life, physical and social science: Nuclear Technicians, 14.6% exposed. Community and social service: Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors, 19.1% exposed. Legal: Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates, 8.2% exposed. Educational instruction and library: Substitute Teachers, Short-Term, 16.3% exposed. Arts, design, entertainment, sports and media: Athletes and Sports Competitors, 8.4% exposed. Healthcare practitioner and technical: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 4.1% exposed. Healthcare support: Endoscopy Technicians, 3.0% exposed. Protective service: Firefighters, 10.0% exposed. Food preparation and serving: Dishwashers, 0.0% exposed. Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance: Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners, 5.4% exposed. Personal care and service: Embalmers, 5.3% exposed. Sales: Models, 19.9% exposed. Office and administrative support: Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators, 20.9% exposed. Farming, fishing and forestry: Fishing and Hunting Workers, 6.3% exposed. Construction and extraction: Stonemasons, 0.0% exposed. Installation, maintenance and repair: Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons, 0.0% exposed. Production: Slaughterers and Meat Packers, 0.0% exposed. Transportation and material moving: Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators, 4.1% exposed. Release v2026.Q3.
How is this list decided?
Every occupational family (SOC major group); the three lowest exposed shares in each. Scores come from rating every standardised work activity in each occupation against a published rubric, not from rating the occupation as a whole.
Does a high score mean the job disappears?
No. Exposure is not displacement. This measures what current systems can produce and what structurally stands in the way, not what an employer will do about it.
Other cuts of the same data
Exposure is not displacement. This index measures what current systems can produce and what stands in the way. It does not forecast job losses, and it models no adoption, employment or wage effect.